As the energy infrastructure is arguably the most important feature in any city energy efficiency and integration of renewable energy sources within urban areas are central to the smart city concept. This module will firstly explore why there is a need for the greater use of low carbon and renewable energy systems within cities, followed by an introduction to the range of low carbon and renewable energy technologies currently available. The module will then move on to introduce the concept of the smart grid and then explore the potential to integrate low carbon and renewable energy systems into smart grids in order to move toward cost-effective, efficient and more environmentally friendly energy provision within cities. Challenges and issues associated with the greater integration of low carbon and renewable energy systems into energy infrastructure within large urban areas will also be considered.
The module will run over 12 weeks. The students will normally have 4 weeks to complete the assessments and submit their assignments. Over this period, students will work through weekly instructional material (a mixture of slides, text and video based materials and web resources) provided during the lectures and via the blackboard. These materials will provide a structured programme of specific activities and tasks which students will be asked to complete. This will involve reading and critically engaging with key texts, papers and other information sources. This work will mainly be undertaken on an individual basis, but at regular points throughout the module students will be expected to interact and share material, ideas and thoughts with the tutors and other students. It is expected that students allocate 40 hours of lectures to engage and interact with their tutors and peers on the module. There will also be 8 hours of laboratory work in the low carbon and renewable energy systems lab which is located in the Science Building. The subjects listed below builds a strong understanding of low carbon and renewable energy systems and technologies:
• An Introduction to low carbon and renewable energy systems particularly for Smart Cities
• Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) Technologies in Energy Industry
• Bioenergy systems particularly in Combined Heat and Power (CHP) Systems
• Renewable energy systems (Wind, Tidal, Hydro and Geothermal energy)
• Solar Energy systems (Characteristics of Sunlight, Solar PV Technology, Solar Heating/Cooling Technology, Solar Technology applications for smart Buildings)

Class attendance
This module will enable students to gain understanding, apply knowledge, analyse and evaluate problems and create solutions through a variety of activities, including lectures, laboratories, tutorials and guided independent learning opportunities.

The following sample references are suggested at this stage. Further references will be announced during the lectures.
1. Introduction To Renewable Energy (2016), Vaughn Nelson and Kenneth Starcher, 2nd Edition, CRC Publications https://www.crcpress.com/Introduction-to-Renewable-Energy-Second-Edition/Nelson-Starcher/p/book/9781498701938
2. Green Energy: Technology, Economics and Policy (2010), U. Aswathanarayana, Tulsidas Harikrishnan, Thayyib S. Kadher-Mohien, CRC Press, https://www.crcpress.com/Green-Energy-Technology-Economics-and-Policy/Aswathanarayana-Harikrishnan-Kadher-Mohien/p/book/9780415876285
3. Carbon Capture, Storage and Use: Technical, Economic, Environmental and Societal Perspectives (2016), Editors: Kuckshinrichs, Wilhelm, Hake, Jürgen-Friedrich, Springer http://www.springer.com/gb/book/9783319119427
4. The Global Status of CCS: 2016 Summary Report (2016), Global CCS Institute http://www.globalccsinstitute.com/publications/global-status-ccs-2016-summary-report
5. Renewable Energy, Power for a Sustainable Future (2012), Godfrey Boyle, 3rdh Edition by Oxford University Press https://global.oup.com/ukhe/product/renewable-energy-9780199545339?cc=gb&lang=en&
6. Applied Photovoltaic (2007), Stuart R. Wenham, Martin A. Green, Muriel E Watt and Richard Corkish, Earthscan Publisher https://www.amazon.co.uk/Applied-Photovoltaics-Stuart-R-Wenham/dp/1844074013

Software package:
Aspen One (available in computer clusters in S105 A and B)
Books (mostly available through University Library):
- Introduction To Renewable Energy (2016), Vaughn Nelson and Kenneth Starcher, 2nd Edition, CRC Publications.
- Carbon Capture, Storage and Use: Technical, Economic, Environmental and Societal Perspectives (2016), Editors: Kuckshinrichs, Wilhelm, Hake, Jürgen-Friedrich, Springer
- Applied Photovoltaic (2007), Stuart R. Wenham, Martin A. Green, Muriel E Watt and Richard Corkish, Earthscan Publisher
Online resources:
Online tutorials, YouTube, Energy forums such as http://www.cop-23.org/fr/partners/global-renewable-energy-forum-gref-2017 , https://www.industryforum.co.uk/resources/articles/the-uk-renewable-energy-sectors/ , and http://www.scottishrenewables.com/

1. Demonstrate an in-depth knowledge and critical understanding of the range of low-carbon and renewable energy technologies currently available (AHEP 3: SM7M)

2. Demonstrate an in-depth knowledge and critical understanding of the carbon capture and storage (ccs) technologies in the energy industry (AHEP 3: SM7M)

3. A critical learning of the renewable energy systems including, bioenergy, solar, wind, tidal, geothermal, etc (AHEP 3: SM7M, SM8M)

4. A critical learning and evaluation of the smart grid concept and its applications (AHEP 3: SM7M, EA5m)

5. A critical understanding of the importance of integrating low-carbon and renewable energy systems into the energy infrastructure of smart cities (AHEP 3: SM7M, EA5m)

6. A deep understanding of the general concepts in process simulation and thermodynamic analysis of the low carbon and renewable energy systems (AHEP 3:EA6M, EL11M, G1)

7. Create risk analysis tables and multi criteria decision analysis for different low carbon and renewable energy scenarios and communications the investigation results with the energy industry (AHEP 3: EL11M, SM8M).

8. Design low carbon and renewable solutions for a certain level of reduction of greenhouse gas emissions (AHEP 3: SM8M, EA6M, EA5m, D11M)

Course assessment (50%) in using a portfolio of work undertaken within the module (a 2500 word assignment). The portfolio will cover the specific items raised in the indicative content and will address the learning outcomes 6, 7, and 8. Meeting AHEP 3 Outcomes SM8M, EA6M, EA5m, EL11M, D11M, G1. Written exam (50%) covering learning outcomes 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5. Meeting AHEP 3 Outcomes SM7M, SM8M, EA5m.
Practice formative class tests will be undertaken during the module and formative guidance and feedback will be provided in tutorial sessions within the class.